Controversy Between Maldives and India: A Geopolitical Analysis

The Background

On 4th January, 2024, Prime Minister Modi shared some pictures from Lakshadweep on his social media handles. While the pictures did not mention anything about Maldives, certain politicians in the Maldivian government reacted in a way that jeopardized the friendship between the two countries. This led to a social media war, with #BoycottMaldives trending. The controversy was fueled by hateful politics and a geopolitical agenda.

The Importance of Tourism in Maldives

Maldives is a small country with a population of around 500,000 people. It is made up of over 1,000 islands, out of which only 200 are inhabited. More than 150 of these islands are resort islands owned by private companies. Tourism plays a crucial role in the country's economy, contributing 28% to its GDP. In 2023, India was the number one country in terms of the number of tourists visiting Maldives, with over 200,000 Indian tourists.

The Strategic Alliance Between India and Maldives

India and Maldives have a long-standing strategic alliance. India has been actively involved in initiatives like SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region). India has also provided military assistance to Maldives, including helicopters and patrol of the exclusive economic zone to prevent terrorism. However, this military presence has become a contentious issue in Maldives' internal politics.

The Shift in Maldives' Politics

Maldives transitioned from a dictatorship to a multi-party democracy in 2008. During the rule of President Mohamed Nasheed, India-Maldives relations grew stronger and closer. However, a political crisis in 2012 led to a change in government and a shift in the country's foreign policy. The new government distanced itself from India and formed closer ties with China. Chinese companies were given major infrastructure projects, and Maldives became a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative.

The India Out Movement

The India Out sentiment gained traction in Maldives' internal politics. The opposition parties criticized the agreements between India and Maldives, claiming that they were kept confidential and violated democracy. The sentiment intensified when leaked documents revealed the extent of India's military presence in Maldives. The opposition party, PPM, used the India Out campaign during their election campaign and came back into power in 2023.

Controversial Statements and Apologies

After coming into power, President Mohamed Muizzu openly stated that Indian forces in Maldives should leave the country. This was followed by ministers making insulting statements against PM Modi and India. Former presidents and the MDP party condemned these statements. The MDP government officially apologized to India in 2021 for the anti-India sentiment expressed in the media and on social platforms.

The Role of China

The current government in Maldives has once again leaned towards China in terms of its foreign policy. This has further strained the relationship with India. President Muizzu's first foreign trip was to China instead of India, breaking the tradition of Maldivian presidents visiting India first. The controversy has coincided with the invitation of Chinese tourists to visit Maldives, as Indian tourists started boycotting the country.

The Internal Politics of Maldives

The controversy between Maldives and India is deeply rooted in the internal politics of Maldives. It reflects the divide between parties favoring China and those favoring India. The governing party's stance towards India can change with each election cycle. However, regardless of political dynamics, promoting Indian tourism is always a positive approach.

Conclusion

This controversy between Maldives and India highlights the impact of geopolitical agendas and hateful politics on bilateral relationships. It is crucial to promote tourism while considering the well-being of the local population and the environment. While the current situation may discourage Indian tourists, the political landscape can change in the future, leading to a renewed interest in visiting Maldives. Ultimately, diplomatic relationships should be based on mutual respect and understanding.